What is an automatic shutdown relay
Automatic shutdown relay (ADS) is an electrical control device that causes a predetermined step change in the controlled variable in the electrical output circuit when the change in input quantity (excitation quantity) meets the specified requirements. It has an interactive relationship between the control system (also known as the input loop) and the controlled system (also known as the output loop). Usually used in automation control circuits, it is actually an "automatic switch" that uses low current to control high current operation. Therefore, it plays a role in automatic regulation, safety protection, and circuit conversion in the circuit.
Fault of automatic shutdown relay
Automatic stop relay (ADS) is an important component in the automotive electrical system, mainly used to control the start and stop of the engine. If the ASD relay malfunctions, it may cause the following problems:
Difficulty or inability to start the engine
The automatic shutdown relay feeds power into electrical systems including the fuel injection system, ignition, and starting. Since it is an actuator, it can malfunction or fail to make proper contact at the instance when the contacts are supposed to switch on or off, which may affect performance of these systems and hence cause difficulty or inability in starting the engine.
Sudden engine shutdown
The automatic shutdown relay continues to monitor abnormality while the operation of the engine is in process. It cuts off power supply if necessary in order to save the engine from further damage. The failure of automatic shut-down relay may cause sudden shut down. It might result in loss of power on the vehicle and may make the driver very uncomfortable, which could be very dangerous to him.
Fault indicator light on
A number of vehicles have fault indicator lights that turn on when the system, or any part of its components, goes wrong. An actuating ASD relay can light up the respective fault indicator lights. This may be one of the indications of ASD relay failure.
Repair methods for automatic shutdown relay faults
Engine start-up difficulty or inability to start repair method
1. Relays appearance: The sequence of the following actions should show whether any obvious damage has occurred of an automatic shut-down relay-for example, burning or deformation. In this case, replace the relay.
2. Test the function of automatic shutdown relay: Applying a multimeter or any other available device, check that the automatic shutdown relay coil and its contacts are operating normally. That is to say, make sure the resistance is within the normal range, or the contacts can switch normally while powered on.
3. First check whether the power and grounding are normal: check whether there is power supply through the automatic shutdown relay, whether the related fuses are open or short-circuited, and whether the wires of them are properly connected.
4. Check other related systems: ASD relay is normal, difficult or unable to start the engine because of its fault; Other faults should be examined in fuel injection system, ignition system, starting system etc.
Repair method for sudden engine shutdown
1. Diagnosing faults: If the sudden stalling of the engine occurs, then it is very possible to take the fault code of the vehicle through diagnostic tools to see whether ASD relay failure has caused this. Based on any displayed fault code, further inspection and maintenance will be done according to the prompt of the fault code.
2. Auto shutdown relay: Most of the time, the contacts of the automatic shutdown relay get stuck or burnt. In that case, if sticky it should also be replaced, and simultaneously check that the coil of the relay is OK.
3. The engine control system is normal. Based on this, it needs to be verified whether the other ASD relay faults in the engine control system really cause a sudden engine shutdown.
4. Inspection for road test: This should be taken for a road test after its maintenance, and it should not stall out suddenly.
Maintenance method for malfunction indicator light on
1. Read the fault code: Use diagnostic equipment to scan the fault code, which will provide the reason for the ASD relay fault indicator light.
2. Automatic shutdown relay check: This code will inform whether the automatic shutdown relay is working. If there are defects, they should be replaced.
3.Regarding the system group, it should be checked that if the automatic shutdown relay is functioning properly, relevant systems with fault indicator lights, such as electrical or sensor related systems, must be considered to determine if other faults may occur.
4. After maintenance, diagnostic tools should be used to clear the fault code, and the fault indicator light should turn off again. Any repair of ASD relays must be carried out using appropriate instruments and techniques as described in the vehicle manufacturer's repair manual. If you are not familiar with the automotive electrical system, you need the help of professional automotive maintenance personnel.
Four states of ASD relay
ASD relay usually refers to the relay in the Automatic Start Stop System of a car engine. The four states of the ASD relay are as follows:
Status startup
Electricity gives rise to electromagnetic force: when the vehicle meets the starting conditions, such as braking by the driver and pressing the start button etc, ASD relay coil gets electrified. According to the principle of electromagnetic induction, current passing through a coil generates a magnetic field, in which electromagnetic force is created around the coil.
Armature attraction drives contact action: through electromagnetic force, attraction of the armature in the relay, overcoming the tension of the spring, moves toward the direction of the iron core. The motion of the armature drives the moving contact connected to it for movement; the moving contact closes to the stationary contact (normally open contact).
The link to the relevant circuits: The movable and stationary contacts close, thereby linking the relevant circuits in the vehicle's start systems to feed power to the starter; for example, the ignition system, the fuel injection system, so that the engine kicks off.
running status
Continuous power supply keeps engaged: In general, ASD relay coil is generally continuously energized once the engine has started and running well in order for the armature to be always kept engaged and thereby keeping the relevant circuits of starting system conductive for normal operation of the engine.
Meanwhile, the operating parameters detected in real time by the car control system will include the speed, temperature, voltage, and other operations of the engine to identify whether these signal the normal operation of the engine. If there is an abnormal situation, the control system may take corresponding measures by controlling the ASD relay.
Shutdown state automatically
Shutdown signal: In case of the vehicle meeting certain startup shutdown conditions, such as the car having to a complete stop and hitting the brake pedal, or when the battery is fully charged, then a shutdown signal shall be issued from the control system to the ASD relay.
Armature coil power-off releases: ASD relay coil is powered off, the magnetic field disappears, and under the action of reaction force produced by the spring, the armature is pushed back to its original position. Thereby, the moving contact moves away from stationary contact or normally open contact.
Unrelated circuit cutting means that while movable and fixed contacts are opened, the power supply of an engine's ignition system and a fuel injection system, and so on, will be cut off to make the engine stop working. Thus, achieve automatically stopping to save fuel and reduce emission.
Auto startup status
These would include such things as releasing the brake pedal, moving the steering wheel-things which would constitute a condition for restarting the vehicle. This type of start-up condition would then be identified with the control system as indicative that the vehicle is ready to be started.
Power on to restart: the ASD relay coil will be powered on again by the control system so as to make the relay start the above process once more. Conjoin the relevant circuit, start the engine and restore the vehicle to normal driving status.
The function of automatic shutdown
Energy conservation and emission reduction
Reduce fuel consumption
When the vehicle is temporarily parked (such as waiting at a red light or in traffic congestion), the ASD system will automatically shut down the engine. When a restart is required, the engine can be quickly started. Due to the fact that the engine also consumes fuel when idling, the ASD system can significantly reduce fuel consumption by reducing the idle running time of the engine. According to statistics, ASD systems can save vehicles 5% to 15% of fuel consumption in urban transportation.
Reduce exhaust emissions
Engine combustion of fuel produces exhaust emissions, including pollutants such as carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, and nitrogen oxides. The ASD system reduces the running time of the engine, thereby reducing the total amount of exhaust emissions and playing a positive role in improving air quality and reducing environmental pollution.
Enhance driving experience
Reduce noise
When the engine automatically shuts down, the noise inside the car mainly comes from environmental sounds and the running sound of some electronic devices. Compared to the noise when the engine is idling, the car interior is quieter when the engine is stopped, providing a more comfortable environment for the driver and passengers. Especially in situations such as prolonged traffic jams, reducing noise can alleviate drivers' fatigue and irritability.
Reduce vibration
The engine generates a certain amount of vibration during operation, and the AS D system eliminates the source of engine vibration during shutdown. This makes the vehicle smoother when parked and improves driving comfort. For example, during parking and waiting, passengers can engage in more relaxed conversations, use electronic devices, or rest.
Extend engine life
Reduce wear
During engine start-up and idle operation, due to insufficient lubrication and incomplete combustion, relatively more wear will occur. The ASD system reduces the number of engine starts and idle running time, thereby reducing the degree of engine wear. Especially for urban traffic environments with frequent starts and stops, this effect is even more pronounced. This helps to extend the service life of the engine and reduce maintenance costs.
Optimize working status
ASD systems typically intelligently control the timing of engine start and stop based on the vehicle's operating status and data from various sensors. This can enable the engine to operate under more suitable working conditions, avoid prolonged inefficient operation, and further improve the reliability and durability of the engine.
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