Relay principle
The working principle of electromagnetic induction. It is mainly composed of coils, iron cores, armatures, springs, moving contacts, and stationary contacts. When the power is turned off, the iron core will not display any magnetic effect. Due to the action of the spring, the armature moves away from the static contact and then disconnects in the controlled circuit. The current will generate a magnetic field in the coil, so when the coil is opened, it will magnetize the iron core. This attracts the armature to drive the moving and stationary contacts to make contact with each other, in order to connect the controlled circuit. Once the power is cut off, the magnetism of the iron core will disappear, pulling the armature back to another circuit breaker.
Steps to connect the relay to the starter motor
1, Preparation stage
Ensure that you have necessary tools such as relays, wires, screwdrivers, wrenches, etc. with appropriate power. At the same time, verify whether the parameters of the starter and relay match to meet the current and voltage requirements of the system.
2, Determine the connection location
Search for the electromagnetic switch terminals on the starter motor, which usually have two larger terminals: one is connected to the positive terminal of the battery (called the power terminal), and the other is connected to the motor (called the motor terminal).
When selecting the installation location of the relay, priority should be given to a place that is close to the starter and easy to wire and securely fixed.
3, Relay connection steps
Firstly, connect one end of the relay coil to the ignition switch's start position (this circuit outputs current when the key is in the start position). This wire is usually thin and is responsible for controlling the on/off state of the relay.
Connect the other end of the coil to the vehicle grounding or the negative pole of the power supply.
Next, connect one end of a set of normally open contacts of the relay to the positive terminal of the battery. It is recommended to use thicker wires to withstand the high current during the operation of the starter motor. Connect the other end of the normally open contact to the power terminal of the starter motor.
4, Connection check
Carefully check if all connections are secure and if there are any damages, short circuits, or poor contacts in the wires.
Confirm that the installation and fixation of the relay are reliable, ensuring that it will not loosen or vibrate during vehicle operation.
5, Testing phase
Before conducting the final test, please ensure that the vehicle is in a safe state, the handbrake is applied, and the transmission is in neutral (manual) or parking (automatic).
Turn the key to the start position and observe if the starter is working properly. If the starter can start normally, it indicates that the relay connection is correct; If the starter does not work or works abnormally, please stop testing immediately and check if the connection is correct and if there are any faults.
starter relay connection diagram
The ignition switch
an important component that controls the vehicle circuit and has different states such as A1 ACC IG1 and A2 IG2.
It plays a relay role in the starting circuit, connecting components such as the ignition switch and starter.
Storage battery
provides power storage for vehicles.
The starting process of a car
1, Preparation stage
When you insert the key into the ignition switch or press the start button, the ignition switch will be in different states, such as A1 ACC IG1, A2 IG2. At this stage, some auxiliary electrical equipment of the vehicle, such as the radio, may be powered on, but the engine has not yet started.
2, Start signal transmission
In the starting position, the ignition switch will allow the current in the battery to send a signal to the starting relay through the ignition switch.Conversely, when the signal is given, the electromagnetic coil inside the starting relay will be activated to provide a magnetic field, which will pull the relay contacts to close them and complete the transmission of the starting signal.
3, Startup machine working
When the starter relay contacts are subsequently closed, high current will flow from the battery to the starter motor through the starter relay. The DC motor part of the starter motor absorbs current, which causes the motor to start running. The armature rotates in the magnetic field, generating torque and driving the starter motor to work. At the same time, the starting mechanism of the starter starts working. The one-way clutch transfers torque from the electric drive motor to the flywheel of the engine; This drives the crankshaft of the engine to rotate and further drives the engine.
4, Engine start
Under the drive of the starter, the engine crankshaft begins to rotate, performing four strokes in sequence: intake, compression, power, and exhaust, thus starting the engine.When the engine speed reaches a certain level and can maintain operation on its own, release the ignition switch, the starter relay will cut off power, the starter will stop working, and the engine will continue to run.
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